• Aggregate - large insoluble structures, in this case formed by misfolded proteins

• Amidation: Addition of an amide group to proteins.

• Apoptosis - organised cell suicide

• Autophosphorylation - self-addition of phosphate by the protein kinase itself

• Biosynthesis: Production of complex molecules within living organisms.

• Carboxylation: Addition of a carboxylic acid group to residues.

• Cargo - material carried by vesicles, in this case secretory proteins

• COP - a category of coated transport vesicles, abbreviated from coat protein complexes

• Degradation - breakdown of molecules or complexes by enzymes

• De-mannosylation - removal of a mannose residue from a substance, in this case from a protein

• Dimerize - two molecules combining to form a dimer

• Endo-lysosome - fusion product of endosome and lysosome before endocytosis

.

• Exocytosis-The process of exporting materials from inside the cell through the fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane.

• Glycan - a polymer of saccharide (sugar) molecules

• Glycoprotein - a class of protein with a carbohydrate group attached to its side chain

• Glycosylation: Addition of glycans to protein residues.

• Hemifusion A form of partial fusion where the outer lipid layers

• of the vesicle and plasma membrane can mix, but the materials in the vesicle are unable to mix.

• Heterodimer- two non-identical protein subunit monomers bound non-covalently

• Heterotetramer - four non-identical protein subunit monomers bound non-covalently

• Homeostasis - maintenance of stable environment, in this case of the ER lumen

• Hydrophobic - non-ionic, nonpolar molecules that are insoluble in water

• Hydroxylation: Introduction of a hydroxyl group into a protein

• Kinase - enzyme that phosphorylates its substrate

• Lectin - a carbohydrate binding protein used often in cellular recognition

• Ligase - enzyme that binds two molecules

• Lipidation: Covalent binding of a lipid group to the protein.

• Methylation: Addition of methyl groups to protein residues

• Multimer - complex with many proteins involved

• N-Acetylation: Transfer acetyl from acetyl CoA to alpha amino group of first amino acid residue of the protein.

• NSF: A protein which acts as a SNARE chaperone and aids in the disassembly and recycling of SNAREs.

• Oligomerize - many molecules combining to form an oligomer

• Phosphorylation: Addition of a phosphate group to a compound.

• Proteasome - protein complex that degrades damaged proteins by proteolysis

• Proteolysis : Systemic breakdown of proteins into constituent amino acids.

• Rab (8 and 10): Protein which regulates exoccytosis by allowing vesicles to dock to tethering proteins.

• Retrotranslocation - reverse process of translocation across a membrane back to the cytosol

• SNAP: A complex found in T-SNARE proteins which is involved in vesicle fusion and facillitate the dissociation of SNAREs after exocytosis has occurred.

• SNAP-25 - synaptosomal-associated protein of molecular weight 25 kDa

• SNAPs- t snare name

• SNARE - soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors

• SNAP-25 - synaptosomal-associated protein of molecular weight 25 kDa

• SNAPs- t snare name

• SNARE - soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors

• SNARE: Soluble NSF-sensitive factor attachment receptor. A protein which assists in exocytosis by aiding in the fusion of membranes.

• Sub-stochiometric - less that needed amount of a particular substance

• Ternary complex - SNARE complex comprising VAMP2, SNAP-25, and syntaxin that exhibits 56 a four-helix coiled-coil structure.

• Tethering protein: A protein which allows the docking of vesicles on the plasma membrane.

• Translocon - complex that transports polypeptides into the ER lumen

• Transmembrane - protein situated across a phospholipid membrane

• t-SNARE - target membrane-associated SNARE

• t-SNARE complex - Partially structured SNARE complex comprising

  
  

• SNAP-25 and syntaxin 58 located on the target membrane

• Ubiquitination: addition of a ubiquitin protein to a substrate protein.

• VAMP2 - vesicle-associated membrane protein 2

• VAMPs- v snare name

• Vesicle - spherical, 60-70nm compartment that transports materials between cellular compartments

• v-SNARE - vesicle-associated SNARE 47